Reviewing Romeo And Juliet And Their Love Film Studies Essay

Reviewing Romeo And Juliet And Their Love Film Studies Essay Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet during the Elizabethan period in the late sixteenth century. Though we cannot be definitive on the date or year, analysing Shakespeares other work and references made in the text (noticeably made by Juliets Nurse referring to an earthquake occurring 11 years ago), it is likely that Romeo and Juliet was written around 1595. The play is set in the small town of Verona, situated in Italy. Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy, and this is proven as Shakespeare uses foreshadowing devices early on in the play to show that events are going to blow out of proportion, and the themes of the play shall combine so that the lives of Romeo and Juliet will end in disaster. Shakespeare uses the prologue as an enormous foreshadowing device for the audience to take advantage of. The key elements of the play are almost handed to the audience from the beginning; however, it is up to the audience to fill in the gaps. The opening line of the prologue describes the two families as alike in dignity. The Capulet and Montague families share a similar status in society but Shakespeare informs the audience that the two families have an ancient grudge which plays a major role as civil hands [become] unclean, meaning that fighting between the two families takes place. Throughout the prologue, Shakespeare uses numerous foreshadowing devices like the one mentioned above. One in particular which shares Elizabethan beliefs and superstition is when Shakespeare describes Romeo and Juliet as two star-crossed lovers. This phrase is used to describe a relationship which is doomed from the start. This is particularly clever because people used astrology to judge relationships during the sixteenth century. For this reason, the stars were assumed to be working against Romeo and Juliets relationship in order to bring peace to the feuding families. Furthermore, this connotes the play as a tragedy, and that Romeo and Juliet entered their relationship with little preparation. From the outset of Act 1, Scene 1, Romeo is the topic of conversation between his parents and Benvolio. Shakespeare uses specific language to engage the audiences interest that something is unsettling Romeo. Lady Montague shows her immediate concern by enquiring, Where is Romeo? Benvolio tells her that Romeo was underneath the grove of sycamore before dawn, and when seeing him stole into the covert of the wood. This illustrates that Romeo is feeling melancholic emotions, and that he is sensitive. Romeo is embarrassed that he has been seen mourning, as much still like today, a man would be considered weak to cry. In addition to this, Shakespeare uses pathetic fallacy to show how Romeos feelings are similar to his surroundings. Sycamore derives from Latin, meaning sick of love, which tells the audience that Romeo is love sick, therefore the audience can be sure that Romeo has been rejected by Rosaline. Romeos unwillingness to be caught crying can be reinforced by a comment made by Lord Capulet regarding Romeo augmenting the fresh morning dew, meaning that Romeo went outside in the early morning to grieve, rather than the middle of the day when more people would likely be out. These descriptions of Romeo enable the audience to form an impression of his character, even before he enters the stage Romeo is presented as a melancholy, isolated figure who is trying to cope with the confusion of rejection. Romeo uses oxymoron like feather of lead to describe his confusion as regards to his love for Rosaline. These juxtapositions have branched off Romeos main emotion of loving hate. This oxymoron shows how Romeo feels trapped between two completely different emotions, and that these emotions are feeding off each other, making Romeo feel miserable. In addition to this, Romeo says, Nor ope her lap to saint-seducing gold. As a consequence of this, I believe that Romeo is not truly in love with Rosaline, but is infatuated rather than in love. The audience can tell that Romeo was confident when requesting such an offer to Rosaline because he described himself as saint-seducing gold. In my opinion, this is a very important reason why Romeo fell in love with Juliet so quickly, as he knows his chances with Rosaline were exceptionally low. During the sixteenth century Elizabethan England was a Patriarchal Society, playing a role in every womans life of that time. Juliet is no exception Lord Capulet finds Juliets suitor, and sees no reason why she would object to marriage. Juliet is looking for love, but on the other hand, Lord Capulet wants to find an eligible young man from a wealthy background. This clashing of tastes is a factor which contributes to Juliets death, as she could not marry the man she wanted with freedom from strife. If Romeo and Juliets love affair took place in todays society, Lord Capulet would not have objected to her marrying Romeo, so Juliet and Lord Capulets relationship would have been stronger. To some extent therefore, Shakespeares play reflects aspects of Elizabethan society. Juliets relationship with her mother is also one common to when the play was written. Affluent families would have a nurse, or a servant of some sort to assist them. Juliets nurse acted much like her mother, in the way that she helped her, protected her, and looked after her from the outside world. For this reason, Lady Capulet was able to take a step back so the nurse would intervene. Juliets relationship with her nurse is therefore stronger than with her mother. Romeo has a great deal of freedom compared to Juliet because of the patriarchal views shared by both sets of parents. Romeos parents are more concerned about his feelings, and this is evident in Act 1. Juliets parents have completely different views on how she should be brought up allowing men to make her life changing decisions. Lord Capulet places an excessive amount of pressure on his daughter. Consequently, Juliets life becomes extremely difficult as she takes it into her own hands, making her own decisions. The values and beliefs of this Patriarchal Society were a barrier which Juliet needed to overcome, but unfortunately, she could not. Throughout the play, Shakespeares use of oxymoron indicates that Romeos thoughts are chaotic, and he is thinking differently opposed how he normally would. Cold fire suggests that Romeo is struggling to get his thoughts in order, as cold could not be used to describe fire, which is extremely hot. For this reason, when Shakespeare uses an oxymoron to describe Romeos emotions, the audience can consider Romeos feelings during that time of the play to be of confusion and perplexity. In Act 1, Scene 5 (the Party Scene) Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time and instantly fall in love. Originally, Romeo and Benvolio decided to gatecrash the party in an attempt to see Rosaline, however, Romeo saw Juliet for the first time and his intentions instantly changed from one woman to another. Immediately after seeing Juliet for the first time, Romeo speaks in a soliloquy, describing Juliet as the most beautiful human-being his eyes have ever set upon. Romeo describes Juliet as [hanging] upon the cheek of night. Shakespeare uses this contrast of black and white to show how Romeo believes Juliet to be conspicuously beautiful, a woman to be worshipped. The Party Scene acts as a viewing opportunity for the audience in respects of the dramatic irony used by Shakespeare. We get to watch their love for each other grow throughout the scene, though the Prologue does tell us they are star-crossed lovers, thus are destined to meet, and destined to die. Equally, Romeo and Juliet do not as yet know they belong to rival families until near the end of Act 1, Scene 5. This is so both characters can show their emotions for each other before they may be changed by the rivalry between their families. Nevertheless, when Romeo and Juliet do realise, they both respond similarly. Romeo speaks, Is she a Capulet? O dear account! My life is my foes debt. He is in a state of shock, much like when Juliet finds out through her nurse a few lines further down My only love sprung from my only hate! This tells us that Juliet does not love Paris, but Romeo, and that she shares the same feelings as Romeo. When Romeo sees Juliet for the first time, he speaks deep thoughts, and compares her to only good things. Evaluating Shakespeares choice of language, he wanted Juliet to come across as innocent and untouched. Romeo says, So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows. Here, Shakespeare uses a combination of natural imagery colour symbolism to show Juliets purity. This differs from the choice of language used when Romeo described Rosaline earlier in the play. When speaking about Rosaline, Romeo was confused about his feelings, and found it frustrating. In contrast, when describing Juliet, Shakespeare created positive imagery, and this captured Romeos kind feelings towards Juliet. When Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time, Shakespeare assembles a shared sonnet to show how their intimacy develops so quickly. Within the shared sonnet, Shakespeare combines metaphors and religious imagery to show the intimacy of Romeo and Juliets developing relationship. For example, Romeo says, My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. Though here, Romeo appears to be only talking about himself, the use of religious imagery appeals to Juliet because of the time period. Despite this, Romeo calls Juliet a holy shrine, which shows how much he values her. Romeo is comparing Juliet to a goddess in religious context, a woman to be worshipped adored, and Juliet accepts Romeo and they kiss for the first time. Juliet obviously has strong feelings for Romeo, and is not afraid of expressing them to him. When Romeo describes his lips as two blushing pilgrims, Juliet decides to play along and tells Romeo he is a good pilgrim. This shows how Juliet is attracted to Romeo, and also that she is comfortable in Romeos presence. Moving on from this point, Romeo leads the first kiss, and Juliet drops a clever comment for Romeo to realise she would like to kiss again. After the second kiss Juliet tells Romeo, You kiss by thbook. This insinuates that Juliet enjoyed the kiss, and it was an experience for her which was out of this world. For this reason, the audience can be sure of what Juliet thinks of Romeo. During the Party Scene of Baz Luhrmans film production of Romeo and Juliet, lighting effects, camera angles and music all work together to create the atmosphere needed for the scene to be effective. One point of the scene which particularly caught my eye was when Romeo and Juliet first see each other through the fish tank. In the build up to this point the general mood of the party settles and the theme music of Kissing You by Desree begins to play. The music continues through the whole party scene, making Romeo and Juliets first encounter seem unreal for each of them. An instrumental version of the music is played during the scene in which the tempo is increased to signal the happiest part of the scene. Romeo and Juliet are on either sides of the fish tank during the scene, which creates a physical barrier between them. Before knowing that Juliet is on the other side, Romeo observes the fish tank for some time, admiring the fish. The fish are of an exotic nature, and are mostly blue. This colour symbolism suggests the part of the scene to be calm and interrupted, so could be looked as a foreshadowing device. When the fish tank is in view of the camera, the lighting is bright, whilst everything else in the scene is dim. This shows the audience the spotlight of the scene. The lighting is even brighter when Romeo sees Juliet, as the whiteness of her eye takes up much of the camera. Once Romeo and Juliet begin looking at each other, the camera alternates from the angles in which Romeo and Juliet are looking through. Whilst this change of camera angles is in process, the director has wanted Romeo and Juliet to seem clean and pure. A suggestion on how the director has achieved could be th at Juliet has yet to join the party, and Romeo has just washed his face with water. Throughout this part of the scene, Romeo and Juliet have not yet spoken to each other. Instead, the camera acts as the narrator and revolves around the fish tank, concentrating on Romeo and Juliet and is the word and mouth of the scene. The symbol of water is used throughout the film, especially during the fish tank scene, when Romeo was first introduced, and when Juliet was in the bath. Also, after the fight scene Romeo was smoking on the beach. This constant use of water with Romeo and Juliet indicates that Baz Luhrman thought of Romeo and Juliet as being innocent, kind, and pure lovers who did not deserve to die. Baz Luhrman retains much of the original Shakespearean language but he has adapted the script for film. Noticeable changes include the order of events. In the original script Romeos soliloquy in which he notes Juliet takes place first, followed by Tybalt talking to Lord Capulet. However, in Baz Luhrmans production, Romeo and Juliet meet first as they look through the fish tank (with no speech), then Tybalt talks to Lord Capulet, and lastly Romeo speaks his soliloquy. This reshuffle of events has happened because the audience can rely on the camera to show us the events rather than the characters speaking. This is particularly effective as camera angles are used to bring more attention to Romeo and Juliet, making the scene more romantic. An event which Baz Luhrman preserves in his production is the shared sonnet between Romeo and Juliet. Luhrman has done this because the shared sonnet is an iconic moment in Romeo and Juliet, and it would be mystifying to the audience to not see this event. The advantage of keeping the shared sonnet is that it adds to the passionate context of the scene between Romeo and Juliet. During the shared sonnet, the camera focuses on Romeo and Juliets faces, and in consequence exaggerates their emotions. The costume selection for the characters in Baz Luhrmans production of Romeo and Juliet provides helpful foreshadowing devices which help the audience to have a better understanding of the roles assigned to various characters. A costume which in particular was effective in the party scene was Tybalts dressed as The Devil. The idea of him being a devil gives the message that bad things are to come, and this prediction becomes more believable when we see Tybalts servants dressed as skeletons. There are three people wearing evil-like costumes, which could suggest that three main characters are going to take part in the fight which happens after the party. Both Romeo and Juliet share effective costumes also, Romeo as the knight in shining armour, and Juliet as a white angel. Together, these costumes convey the idea of innocence and purity for Juliet through the white colour symbolism of her angelic costume, and that Romeo was trying to save Juliet from the terrible fate which awaited he r towards the end of the play. Romeos costume of a knight in shining armour is a stereotypical image used as a foreshadowing device to tell the audience that it is his duty to save Juliet from their familys trifling. Love is a strong word, and you could argue that it had a different meaning to todays meaning of love, which could be a reason for Romeo and Juliets sudden love for each other. In a modern play, their love story would be unreal because there was no build up to their love. Despite this, Shakespeare used foreshadowing devices, and presented speech in an effective way using blank verse, iambic pentameter and the highly structured form of the sonnet. Shakespeares love story revolves around love at first sight, in which Romeo and Juliet concentrated more on each others physical appearance rather than their personality. Though Shakespeares story of Romeo and Juliet may be considered unrealistic in todays society, I believe it to be the greatest love story ever told because it was one of the first which gave the lovers involved deep feelings for each other which the audience could share.

Songs For a Colored Singer by Elizabeth Bishop Essay -- Colored Singer

"Songs For a Colored Singer" by Elizabeth Bishop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is a song but a poem set to music? Take away the music from a good song and the rhythm of the words will create its own musical sound. â€Å"Songs For a Colored Singer†, a poem written by Elizabeth Bishop, is a song without the music. Bishop’s use of repetitive rhymes creates the lyrical, song like, structure to her poem. The voice of the song belongs to a black woman who encounters adversity throughout the poem. The sum of the elements, a black woman singing about hard times, equal one distinct style of music, namely the blues. Bishop divides the poem into four parts. Through each part the poem, Bishop uncovers different aspects of the colored woman. What Bishop reveals is the difficult situations which face underprivileged black citizens in America. Bishop’s poem has similarities to a song by Billie Holiday, and is linked to a Langston Hughes poem. By using the voice of a colored singer, Bishop exposes the inequality of early twentieth century African-Americans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bishop examines the life of a colored domestic woman and portrays the difficult existence through song. Part one of the poem portrays a melancholy domestic who is having trouble with her man, a classic situation for the blues. The use of simple rhymes and syllable structure in the first stanza forecasts the lyrical tone of the poem. To create a sense of flow, the first and third stanzas have identical rhyme patterns, and the second and fourth stanzas also mirror each other. The use of the same line at the end of the second and fourth stanzas, â€Å"Le Roy, you’re earning too much money now,† (Part 1. Lines 13 & 26), distinguishes this poem as a song. Rarely are lines repeated in poems, but the use of repetition is essential in songs, because of the need for a chorus. Part one of the poem brings to light the inequality among race and class. Due to the economic conditions of African-Americans, they find themselves working as domestics for much wealthie r Caucasians. The singer expresses the difficulty working as a domestic, as she witnesses firsthand the inequalities of the classes, â€Å"none of these things I can see belong to me† (P1 L3-4), she continues to describe in detail the differences between the colored and the whites, â€Å"they got a lot of closet space; we got a suit case.† (P1, L7-8) The circumstances of the colored singer establish... ... Bishop says â€Å"curious [†¦] fruit† (P4, L23). Holiday’s popular song predates the release of Bishop’s poem by seven years, 1939 and 1946 respectively. Bishop’s poem seems to have an influence on a famous poem written by Langston Hughes, â€Å"Dream Deferred.† In Hughes’ poem he eludes to years of African-American anger festering like a fruit, then exploding. The similar themes connect Bishop’s poem to Hughes’. Both poems foretell an eruption of anger coming from the African-American community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bishop creates a poem which sounds similar to a song. The bluesy feel created by the structure along with the melancholy contents, form a perfect blues song. The poem chronicles the chaotic events of a colored domestic, who represents the plight of the African-American. Her helpless situation is a result of the vicious poverty cycle which traps African-American’s in permanent despair. Bishop ends the poem by forecasting an African-American uprising. Bishop believes African-American’s can only take so much, soon they will explode. Through Bishop’s use of simple rhymes, repetition of words and changing syllabic functions, this poem reads less like a typical poem, and more like a blues song. Songs For a Colored Singer by Elizabeth Bishop Essay -- Colored Singer "Songs For a Colored Singer" by Elizabeth Bishop   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is a song but a poem set to music? Take away the music from a good song and the rhythm of the words will create its own musical sound. â€Å"Songs For a Colored Singer†, a poem written by Elizabeth Bishop, is a song without the music. Bishop’s use of repetitive rhymes creates the lyrical, song like, structure to her poem. The voice of the song belongs to a black woman who encounters adversity throughout the poem. The sum of the elements, a black woman singing about hard times, equal one distinct style of music, namely the blues. Bishop divides the poem into four parts. Through each part the poem, Bishop uncovers different aspects of the colored woman. What Bishop reveals is the difficult situations which face underprivileged black citizens in America. Bishop’s poem has similarities to a song by Billie Holiday, and is linked to a Langston Hughes poem. By using the voice of a colored singer, Bishop exposes the inequality of early twentieth century African-Americans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bishop examines the life of a colored domestic woman and portrays the difficult existence through song. Part one of the poem portrays a melancholy domestic who is having trouble with her man, a classic situation for the blues. The use of simple rhymes and syllable structure in the first stanza forecasts the lyrical tone of the poem. To create a sense of flow, the first and third stanzas have identical rhyme patterns, and the second and fourth stanzas also mirror each other. The use of the same line at the end of the second and fourth stanzas, â€Å"Le Roy, you’re earning too much money now,† (Part 1. Lines 13 & 26), distinguishes this poem as a song. Rarely are lines repeated in poems, but the use of repetition is essential in songs, because of the need for a chorus. Part one of the poem brings to light the inequality among race and class. Due to the economic conditions of African-Americans, they find themselves working as domestics for much wealthie r Caucasians. The singer expresses the difficulty working as a domestic, as she witnesses firsthand the inequalities of the classes, â€Å"none of these things I can see belong to me† (P1 L3-4), she continues to describe in detail the differences between the colored and the whites, â€Å"they got a lot of closet space; we got a suit case.† (P1, L7-8) The circumstances of the colored singer establish... ... Bishop says â€Å"curious [†¦] fruit† (P4, L23). Holiday’s popular song predates the release of Bishop’s poem by seven years, 1939 and 1946 respectively. Bishop’s poem seems to have an influence on a famous poem written by Langston Hughes, â€Å"Dream Deferred.† In Hughes’ poem he eludes to years of African-American anger festering like a fruit, then exploding. The similar themes connect Bishop’s poem to Hughes’. Both poems foretell an eruption of anger coming from the African-American community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bishop creates a poem which sounds similar to a song. The bluesy feel created by the structure along with the melancholy contents, form a perfect blues song. The poem chronicles the chaotic events of a colored domestic, who represents the plight of the African-American. Her helpless situation is a result of the vicious poverty cycle which traps African-American’s in permanent despair. Bishop ends the poem by forecasting an African-American uprising. Bishop believes African-American’s can only take so much, soon they will explode. Through Bishop’s use of simple rhymes, repetition of words and changing syllabic functions, this poem reads less like a typical poem, and more like a blues song.

Mr. Everest Case Analysis

†¢ The leaders, the guides and the Sherpa assistants discovered the business opportunity in guiding clients to the summit. †¢ Since Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world and is a symbol of overcoming difficulties to fulfill the dream, most of the clients wanted to conquer it, especially when some of them (mountain climbers) failed to push to the summit before. †¢ Jon Krakauer, from Outside magazine, had a special agreement with Hall. He regarded the opportunity as a â€Å"free lunch†. †¢ Sandy Pittman, also worked in the media industry, joined the expedition in order to give daily web reports to NBC. Gammelgaard wanted to become the first Scandinavian woman to reach the summit. †¢ Other clients like Adams and Madsen, chose it because they enjoyed the struggle of the upward of life and they believed that this was what life mean and what life was for. b. What type of person tries to ascend the world’s tallest mountain? †¢ The type of person who tries to ascend Mt. Everest with extremely strong willingness to challenge themselves, good physical fitness, well-trained climbing skills and perseverance. c. What personal Qualities does it take to succeed? Strong willingness to reach the summit, perseverance, good team spirit, problem solving skills, positive attitude, and avoid making the same mistakes. d. Do you see any similarities between a high-altitude mountain climber and an MSB? †¢ Yes. The personal qualities listed above are also important for an MSB student if he/she wishes to achieve business success in the future. But strong willingness should be the willingness to help enterprises achieve sustainable growth and leverage business as a powerful tool to contribute to society. e. Based upon this analysis, can you draw any conclusion about the dangers that may lie ahead for you in pursuit of your career objective? †¢ The dangers that may lie ahead include making wrong decisions again and again, encountering unexpected changes or crisis, failing to deal with conflicts, lacking team spirit, declining good advice. 2. Causes of the Tragedy a. What caused this tragedy? †¢ Human errors, including recruiting clients without high-altitude experience, ordering insufficient oxygen supplements and taking antiquated radios, caused the tragedy. Flawed characteristics in human nature caused this tragedy. Having many experiences in climbing Mt. Everest made Hall and Fischer unwilling to accept others’ advice. Each client thought and acted for his/her own. †¢ Unexpected weather changes also caused this tragedy. b. What types of mistaken judgments and choices did the climbers make? †¢ The leaders recruited climbers with no high-altitude experience. †¢ The leaders and the clients were not well prepared for the expedition. Fischer did not order enough oxygen supplements and did not have a plan B for the logistics problem of his order. Many clients did not get high-altitude climbing training before the experience. †¢ The leaders did not provide opportunities for guides to participate in decision-making. Fischer preferred Hall’s suggestion instead of Boukreev’s. †¢ Did not accept the advice from others. Topche ignored Fischer’s suggestion and insisted to climb. Fischer did not listen to the advice of Boukreev about the possible weather change on the way from Camp 2 to Camp 3. †¢ Made the wrong decision again and again. Harris made a critical error in assuming that there was no supplemental oxygen remained at the South Summit. Bad time management skills. Hall and Fischer stressed the importance of turning back but neither settled on an exact turnaround time. †¢ Some clients only thought about themselves. Pittman should have turned around instead of placing an overwhelming burden on Jangbu. c. Consider your own business experiences for a moment. What causes people to ignore rules in organizations? Why do individuals find it so difficult to ignore sunk cost? †¢ Not being aware of rules, lack of supervision, lack of appropriate punishment, insufficient education causes people to ignore rules in organizations. Because individuals already have spent time and money on a project. It is so difficult for people to ignore their efforts even though the efforts are invalid or the dream cannot come true. d. Did these teams function effectively? Why or why not? †¢ No. †¢ They didn’t work as a team. Each client acted for his/ her own goods. †¢ Team leaders made repeating wrong decisions. By Hall’s requirement, the guides waited over an hour for the clients before moving to the Balcony. That made them late for the timeline. †¢ When the guide Harris made a critical error, no one paid attention to his physical condition and gave him help. Team leaders had bad time management skills and didn’t stick to the turn around time. e. What is your evaluation of Fischer and Hall as team leaders? †¢ I would consider them as unsuccessful team leaders not because they failed to lead the team to reach the summit, but because they made several critical errors. A successful team leader should provide opportunity for others in decision-making, accept constructive advice, have good time management skills, good communication skills and be able to lead his team members. †¢ Despite this, Fischer and Hall both have high-altitude experience and are responsible for their clients and teammates. . Are we being a bit too hard on Hall and Fischer? Might tragedies such as this one simply be inevitable on the slopes of Everest? †¢ Yes, I think we are being a bit too hard on Hall and Fischer. Multiple elements caused the tragedy, such as weather, human error and unexpected crisis. People cannot imagine what will happen during the summit bid. People can never be fully prepared for the unexpected changes. That is why climbing Mt. Everest is so dangerous. g. Having conducted all this analysis what would you conclude is the root cause of the catastrophe? †¢ I think the root cause of the catastrophe was human error. Although unexpected weather change was another key cause of the tragedy, team members, especially the leaders and the guides, should have been aware of the possible weather change and make the right decision. When they failed to follow the summit timeline, they should have turned around instead of continuing. h. Can we identify a root cause? Why or why not? †¢ Yes. In any case, there must be some factors that have more influence on the result than other. So we can identify a root cause. i. Does the notion of system complexity apply in this case? In what ways did complex interactions and tight coupling characterize these expeditions? Yes, the notion of system complexity applies in this case. Each small mistake made by the leaders tended to relate with each other and finally came to a chain reaction that led to the tragedy. These are the complex interactions that happened in these expeditions. Both leaders set up a rigid timeline and did not provide opportunity for other experienc ed guides to participate in decision-making. When an unexpected crisis came, there were no flexible areas to change the plan in the timeline. These are the tight coupling characterize in these expeditions. 3. Constructive Dissent and Psychological Safety a. What factors created a climate in which people felt uncomfortable expressing dissent and engaging in a candid exchange of ideas and opinions? †¢ The leaders did not provide opportunity to others in decision making. †¢ Other teammates did not have professional experience in high-altitude mountain climbing. †¢ Lack of teamwork and trust between team members. b. Moving beyond Everest, what factors might inhibit constructive dissent in organizations? †¢ The manager does not provide others an opportunity in participating in decision-making. †¢ The manager treats people unfairly. †¢ Bad teamwork and lack of trust between colleagues inhibit good advice. . Is dissent always appropriate? Under what conditions do leaders want to encourage dissent? When should they strive to discourage dissent? †¢ No. The dissent is constructive and is raised to the managers at a proper time and place. †¢ When the dissent has destructive effect on employees and company, t he leaders should discourage it. 4. Lessons for Business Leaders a. What are the lessons for business leaders from our analysis of this tragedy? †¢ Business leaders should avoid being bossy and inaccessible to employees. It is significant to encourage and accept constructive dissent from others. They should be aware that their words and actions might have great influence on the employees. †¢ They should provide equal opportunities to employees. †¢ They should avoid making the same mistakes again and again. b. Drawing on your own experiences, can you identify a situation in which some of the factors contributed to an organizational failure? How might you take corrective action to prevent that situation from occurring once again? †¢ We failed to organize a graduation trip for the whole college. We did not do research in a large scale, prepare a practical plan or to provide several options. If given the second chance, I would take several steps to avoid the organizational failure. First, I would str ess the importance of this trip to everyone, and find out an exact date that would work for everyone. Then I would do a survey on the place, the period and the price preferences of the students. After that, I would list several options for students. Lastly, I would try to find out the reason that a student declined the offer and improve the travelling plan. c. What qualities make Hall and Fischer great mountaineers? Are these the same attributes required to lead an effective team? Does this same tension exist in business organizations? †¢ Lots of practice, perseverance, good physical fitness, well-trained climbing skills and strong willingness make Hall and Fischer great mountaineers. †¢ These are not the same attributes required to lead an effective team. In order to be a good team leader, a person should provide others with an opportunity in decision-making, be accessible to others, have good time management skills and communication skills. d. Can we train people to become better team leaders and more effective high-stakes decision-makers? If so, how? †¢ Yes. Introduce to people how those effective high-stakes decision-makers perform, so that people can pay attention to how their words and actions have an influence on others. Moreover, people will realize that it is important to build confidence and reduce the conflicts within the team. More importantly, they can understand and learn from the failures in the past. †¢ Develop different exercises to train people, including group projects, case studies, brainstorm training and crisis respond practice etc. Practice makes perfect. After each practice, people should have a self-assessment on their performance and list aspects that need improvement.

The Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1494 Words

Causes and Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) Post-Traumatic stress disorder has affected humans probably as long as we have had a higher consciousness, but it is only recently that researchers, medical professionals and psychotherapists have had much understanding into its nature and treatment. Although this disorder may be easy to describe, the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder negatively affect a person’s mental health, physical health, work and relationships. Seventy percent of adults in the U.S. have experienced some type of traumatic event at least once in their lives. Up to twenty percent can develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, estimated eight percent of Americans have Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Tull). Women are more likely to have Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder than men statistically 1 out of 10 women will develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Among people who are victims of a severe traumatic experience 60 – 80% will develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Somewhat higher rates of this disorder have been found to occur in African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans compared to Caucasians in the United States. Posttraumatic stress disorder (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) may develop after a person is exposed to one or more traumatic events, such as sexual assault, warfare, serious injury, or threats of imminent death (Rose). As you can see Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a serious disorder and isShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1302 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted by insert names here, pre-employment personality traits can easily predict posttraumatic stress symptoms among firefighters and military as the symptoms develop. Job duratio n and heightened level of emotional stress are also predicting traits among experienced firefighters. Police officers are considered a high-risk group where definite identifying predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder are present. Predictors that were included in the study were the following variables: intrusionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years there has been much dispute over the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, on the armed forces. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a medical condition that affects the physiology of the brain. It commonly affects those who have experienced or witnessed stressful events, such as war. PTSD was generally referred to as â€Å"shell-shock† in the military, until an improved and more inclusive definition of the disease was discovered. Wartime environments contain a multitude ofRead MoreEffects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1036 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder A study by Possemato, K., Pratt, A., Barrie, K., Ouimette, P (2015) that showed how PTSD affects returning veterans and the individuals in contact with them by using a method of a longitudinal study examining daily fluctuations in PTSD and alcohol use among OEF (Operation Enduring Freedom)/OIF (Operation Iraqi Freedom) combat veterans recruited from VA primary care Inclusion criteria consisted of combat during an OEF/OIF deployment, hazardous alcoholRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesCauses and Effects of PTSD Post-traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that occurs following a traumatic experience. PTSD happens to seven-point eight percent of Americans at some point in their lives. With women, twice as likely as men to develop. That equals out to be forty-four -point seven million people struggling with PTSD. Not only a soldier returning home from war experiences PTSD. Any person that has experienced a traumatic situation can have the potential of experiencingRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1102 Words   |  5 Pagesone might look into. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder can be life changing for one, therefore there are people who look for ways in which to erase bad memories but don’t know the consequences from the decision. Most people who suffer from PTSD are usually Veterans and people who experienced hurtful or dangerous things in the past. In the article â€Å"Erasing bad memories† Stacy Lu, she says show a bad memory can affect people who have anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias. She saidRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2424 Words   |  10 PagesPost-traumatic stress condition is a disorder that grows in a number of people who have had a visual experience or at a certain point of their lives they had lived through a scary, dangerous or a shocking event. Events that can lead to the posttraumatic disorders include warfare, terrifying road accidents, sexual assault, and any other event that may pause a threat on an individual’s life. Majority of individuals who had gone through traumatic events normally have low chances of development of posttraumaticRead MoreEffects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder2959 Words   |  12 PagesThe harmfu l effects of being exposed to combat is one of the reasons why Veterans start to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are unable to get back to their everyday lives. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), is known to be very usual amongst veterans in combat. Aggressive or violent behavior in individuals with PTSD is the beginning of many marital problems and the effects of PTSD on relationship functioning include emotional detachment, decreased expressiveness, increased aggressiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder On A Family1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on a Family The symptoms of Post-traumatic stress can vary from patient from patient. Most common symptoms are flashbacks, hyper arousal and avoidance. The first article is â€Å"Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescent Survivors of Childhood Cancer and Their Families: A Randomized Clinical Trial.† In this article the researchers put together a random wait list control trial. They would have an intervention with the family of a cancer survivorRead MoreThe Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1749 Words   |  7 PagesWith the ever growing epidemic of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and extended and more frequent deployments, the supportive approach is not only utilized, but is essential. The average deployment for the Army is 12 months deployed, followed by 12 months at home station, quite an extended separation from family. Reports have also shown that 5.5% of the population has been diagnosed with PTSD, whereas 13.2% have been identified within operational military u nits that have been deployed to Iraq and AfghanistanRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1539 Words   |  7 Pagesisn’t the cause in many men and women returning home from today’s wars. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder can result from a number of different traumatic events, but the intensity and duration of some people’s reactions can be quite different but that also has many factors. The negative effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is affecting families and the effects it has on families of patients. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder isn’t something new that has just appeared it’s something people have been

Romeo And Juliet Character Analysis - 885 Words

The time is present day and the setting is throughout Bucks County. The setting is specifically at certain Dunkin Donuts and Wawa location throughout Bucks County. This is the story of Annabelle and Christopher (Romeo and Juliet) who are workers of two competitive coffee companies Dunkin Donuts and Wawa. Annabelle is a current employee at Dunkin Donuts and her father is a strict owner. Christopher on the other hand also has a very strict owner, his father, but is an employee at Wawa. The two owners grew up as best friends but when their minds went separate ways the friendship turned to hatred. The theme of this story will be portrayed through the character of Cassandra (Nurse), Annabelle s best friend the Dunkin Donuts Banquet†¦show more content†¦This night could turn out to be the biggest night of her life, if things work out between her and Chris so she must take all the time she can get to get ready. Annabelle is finally all ready and dressed to the nines so her fam ily and cassandra of course head to the venue. The party starts and everyone is having a great time socializing with each other. Annabelle on the other hand is only concerned with socializing with chris, so she spends most of the night snapchatting him watching him get ready to come to the banquet. When he finally gets there he hides in the lobby because he does not want to show his face to the rest of annabelles family,especially her father. Annabelle gets a snapchat from chris telling her to meet her in the lobby, so she does exactly that. However in the meantime Annabelles father introduces her to a young chap named Jack, who the father really likes and wants annabelle to start dating. She gets super overwhelmed and she snapchats chris and tell him that he must go home. Annabelle is then forced to spend the rest of the night with Jack, who she really dislikes. A few more weeks pass and Annabelle become extremely overwhelmed with wanting to be with Chris and the stress that her dad is putting on her to be with Jack. All of this extreme stress causes annabelle to take her life by shooting herself . Meanwhile Romeo also got stressed by this situation so he made the decision toShow MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet Character Analysis1438 Words   |  6 PagesRomeo and Juliet character analysis Juliet is the daughter of Lord and Lady Capulet. When the play begins, we learn from the nurse that Juliet is soon turning fourteen (â€Å"Even or odd, of all the days in the year come Lammas-Eve at night shall she be fourteen†). In Juliets first meeting with her mother and the nurse, she seems to be an obedient and responsible child. She comes immediately when they call her and answers always respectfully to her mother: Madam, I am here, / What is your will? (â€Å"ActRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis747 Words   |  3 PagesWhile secondary characters are undersized compared to the main characters of the play, they often have an eminent impact on the story. In William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet, certain secondary characters influence the decisions made by the two lovers and avail to establish the play’s tragic outcome. This will be conveyed through a detailed analysis of Tybalt, Capulet and Friar Lawrence. Although admirable qualities add to ones life, they can often lead to their death. In ShakespearesRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is a pleasant and suspenseful drama written by William Shakespeare in 1595. It is a romantic tragedy about two young lovers from feuding families the Capulet’s and Montague’s who decide to marry against their parent’s wishes. They try to find peace and happiness, but it is not to be, and their lives finally end tragically and under strange and very sad circumstances. However, in the beginning, the noble aristocrat, Count Paris, who was the favorite suitor of Juliet’sRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1351 Words   |  6 Pages‘The characters in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet undergo significant changes throughout the course of the play.’ Discuss Perhaps one of the most intriguing aspects of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, pertains to the changes that the characters undergo. This is explored through Romeo and Juliet - two main protagonists living in Verona - who fall in love with each other, despite the great feud between their families. This significantly changes the lives of the majority of characters throughout theRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1141 Words   |  5 Pageswhich ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was written, many people were strong believers of fate and it was a common belief in society. William Shakespeare was a famous poet who is recognised for his powerful writing and contribution to the English language. One of William Shakespeare’s highly recognised plays is ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written in the late 1500’s. It is a play about two star-crossed lovers alongside fate who by their death end the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets. In ‘Romeo and Julietà ¢â‚¬â„¢, FriarRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis715 Words   |  3 PagesAfter reading and analyzing the story â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† by William Shakespeare, it comes to the conclusion that each character represents an emotion by using two main characters from the story. The emotion anger, can be shown in multiple of scenes but the one who represents it the most is Tybalt Capulet as his anger within is mostly identify by from the Capulet’s angry feud to the Montagues. The emotion honestly, can be shown by a man named Benvolio Montague who not only shows honestly to his formalRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis890 Words   |  4 PagesThe story of Romeo and Juliet written by William Shakespeare is by far one of the most profound romantic plays known to the world. Shakespeare has written many famous poets; plays having Romeo and Juliet his most famous and known pieces of literary art. William Shakespeare is a master in literary entertainment but an unknown man in history, but yet the most known English poet, actor, playwright and regarded as the greatest English writer in the worlds history. Each of Shakespeare’s works has a themeRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis840 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespear, brings many themes to life; love and fate and comedy and tragedy being among the most common and reoccurring. This essay will be focusing on the real tragedy of one of the most famous plays ever written. Romeo and Juliet are not the only ones to lose something very dear to them; everyone suffered, both emotionally and physically. The couples union was intended to bring the feuding families together instead, their love for each other only brought theirRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1434 Words   |  6 PagesRomeo and Juliet a Tragedy of Fate and Character There is no doubt that Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy of young love. What is in doubt is what contributes to the tragedy. The story of Romeo and Juliet’s love contrasts greatly with famous Greek tragedies such as Oedipus the King and The Odyssey in which the source of tragedy is the main protagonists struggle against fate. Rather the source of tragedy in Romeo and Juliet is both the character flaws that exist within in Romeo and Juliet themselves andRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1036 Words   |  5 Pagestragedy Romeo and Juliet is considerably one of the greatest love stories ever written. The play is set to exhibit the longstanding feud between the Capulet and Montague households. This results in the tragic deaths of the two main protagonists, Romeo and Juliet, as their love is forbidden by the terms of their families hatred. The play ends in the unison of the families as they mourn together the loss of their children and end their conflict. As such a masterfu l piece of literature, Romeo and Juliet

Should the United States Lift the Embargo on Cuba Essay

American international relations with Cuba have almost always been tense. The cold war solidified the growing negative relations, and the embargo embodied it. But now that the cold war is over, as is the Cuban missile crisis, we’re left to wonder if the embargo is really necessary. Should the United States lift the embargo of Cuba? All of the evidence, be it economic, diplomatic, or social, points to yes. We should lift the embargo. The United States embargo of Cuba has its roots planted in 1960, 53 years ago, when â€Å"the United States Congress authorized President Eisenhower to cut off the yearly quota of sugar to be imported from Cuba under the Sugar act of 1948†¦ by 95 percent† (Hass 1998, 37). This was done in response to a growing†¦show more content†¦Goods or services of Cuban origin may not be imported into the United States either directly or through third countries† (2001) . According to the Cuba Policy Foundation, the United States loses up to $4.84 billion annually in trade and exports alone (Pepper 2009) . The amount of money being disregarded because of now defunct reasons is radically lacking in logic. A simple repealing of the embargo would bring both the United States and Cuba great economic success. The obvious question presented by this information is, why is such an old idea, which severely limits the necessary functions of international society, currently being continued? It’s not like it’s helping anything. In fact, according to Joy Gordon, Professor of Political Philosophy at Fairfield University, â€Å"the embargo is the single greatest barrier to Cuban economic development† (2010, 64). Gordon continues by saying that â€Å"the United States measures against Cuba are far more extensive [than any other embargo we have had], affecting every aspect of commerce, travel, economic development, and even humanitarian contributions† (2010, 65). The embargo not only detracts from Cuba’s access to U.S. markets, but interferes in its trade with other countries. The embargo prohibits monetary transactions with the UnitedShow MoreRelatedFidel Castro Led The Cuban Revolution934 Words   |  4 Pagesfifty-five years ago, an embargo was placed on Cuba, h alting all trade between the two countries. Fidel Castro led the Cuban Revolution, which began in July of 1953, leading to their victory and the previous leader, Fulgencio Batista, being driven out of his position. Castro had gained a lot of support from Cuban citizens with his promises to restore political and civil liberties. Castro later began to stray from these promises, starting by nationalizing American businesses within Cuba and by presentingRead MoreShould the U.S. Government Drop Its Sanctions against Cuba?1676 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of force as a primary method of international coercion. Cuba is one of the countries considered as a rogue state by the United States and its allies. The emergence of Cuba as a communist country in the western hemisphere in 1960, and the nationalization of a huge amount of US assets in Cuba by the then new regime led to the sanctions against Cuba. However, starting from the end of the 1980’s the Communist block begin falling apart. C uba lost its international allies and became helpless both economicallyRead MoreFidel Castro Led The Cuban Revolution1106 Words   |  5 PagesFor centuries, Cuba s greatest resource has been its people. - Pico Iyer Nearly fifty-five years ago, an embargo was placed on Cuba, halting all trade between the two countries. Fidel Castro led the Cuban Revolution, which began in July of 1953, leading to their victory and the previous leader, Fulgencio Batista, surrendering from his position. Castro was an American friend and had gained a great deal of support from Cuban citizens with his promises to restore basic, essential liberties. CastroRead MoreThe Cuban Embargo: A Double Edged Sword1612 Words   |  7 Pagesfive decades, the Cuban embargo has failed to achieve its purpose, damaged U.S interest, and affected the Cuban people. Since the year 1959 when Fidel Castro took over Cuba, the country has been under communist rule. It’s been over 50 years since the United States placed and embargo against Cuba. The embargo also known as â€Å"the blockade† places travel restrictions and trade of commerce on any one who is under the US jurisdiction. One of the purposes of the embargo was to tu rn Cuba into a democratic countryRead MoreCuba And The United States864 Words   |  4 PagesCuba and the United States are two very different countries. Although they are only nearly 90 miles away from each other it has been over 50 years since both countries have had any real relationship towards each other, other than the hatred that seems to shown by the two countries’ politicians. In October 1960 the United States began to impose its first round of embargoes towards the small island when Cuba decided to nationalize all of the American Oil on its county after the United States withoutRead MoreThe United States Embargo On Cuba2305 Words   |  10 Pagesthe United States’ Embargo on Cuba On an island far, far, away, are oppressed, poor, and hopeless people who have been under the subjugate control of a regime of communist dictators for over half a century. A body of people, who for almost 55 years, have been given the cold shoulder by one of the world’s biggest superpower and the only superpower in close proximity to their own island. The U.S. implemented sanctions on Cuba in 1960 and 1961, with President John F. Kennedy making the embargo officialRead MoreEmbargo on Cuba984 Words   |  4 PagesEmbargo on Cuba The U.S. imposed an Embargo on Cuba on Oct. 19, 1960. Has the time come for the United States to lift the 5-decade embargo? The Embargo on Cuba was a part of America’s Cold War strategy against the Soviet Union, imposed on the basis that Cuba was a threat to the U.S. National Security because of their alliance with the Soviet Union. Although Cuba would like the U.S to terminate the embargo against their country, the U.S. wants Cuba to make their situation a better living environmentRead MoreEssay on Cuba1685 Words   |  7 PagesCuba In the past fifty years we have witnessed the end of the cold war, the end of communism in a vast majority of nations as well as the rise of the United States to being the sole world power. But while the world has greatly changed over the past half-a-century, there has been little change in the Cuban-American relationship. Since the rise of Fidel Castro to power in the early nineteen fifties, the United States has all but cut off all relations with the Cuban government. It has now beenRead MoreEffects of U.S. Foreign Policy on Cuba1926 Words   |  8 PagesForeign Policy on Cuba The foreign policy of the United States toward Cuba over the past fifty years has caused many problems for the Cuban society and its people, and relations between the two nations have been at odds for decades due to the harsh foreign policy stance of the United States toward Cuba. The United States has considered Cuba as its enemy ever since July 1960 when Fidel Castro’s new revolutionary government changed everything. Castro seized privately owned land in Cuba, nationalizedRead MoreShould the Cuban Embargo be Lifted?1940 Words   |  8 PagesIs the Cuban Embargo a cruel reminder of the Cold war, or is it an important factor of American Democracy fighting the spread of Communism? The Cuban Embargo was a declaration issued by American President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. The embargo was issued because of the threat that the Communist government of Cuba, led by Fidel Castro in 1959, had on American security, assets and democracy at the height of the Cold War. Some 1.8 billion w orth of industrial assets were lost with Cuban communist nationalization

Cost Behave in Management Accounting

Question: Discuss about the Cost Behave in Management Accounting. Answer: Introduction: Cost behave in two basic way in cost accounting. With the increase in output, either the cost of products increases or the cost remains indifferent regardless of level of output. Variable cost may be defined as the cost that varies with the level of output produced. For example, labor and raw material requirement in producing the output. Corporate expense is regarded as variable cost and they fluctuate with output level. Depending upon the volume of production of organization, variable costs varies. With the increase in level of output, the variable costs increases and they fall with the fall in level of output. There is a significant difference between variable cost and fixed cost as the later remains unchanged irrespective of level of output produced. Fixed cost within an organization is rent, office suppliers and insurance. Total costs comprised of fixed as well as variable costs. A project can be completed and the necessary factors incudes variable costs that may involve direct labor costs or direct material costs. The packaging of the product o company involves the variable costs, as the coast would vary depending upon the number of packages. Cost of packaging of the product would increase if the company increases the volume of products it is producing. On the other hand, there would be a fall in cost of packaging if the fewer products were sold. Discussion: Fixed costs are such costs that must be incurred by the company whether the products are produced or not. Over the range of production or specified period, the fixed cost remains fixed. With the increase or decrease for products produces and sold, the fixed costs remains unaffected. It is incurred even if the company is having zero production. Regardless of the business activities of the company, they have to incur and pay fixed costs. Along with the variable costs, fixed costs is also regarded as one of the component of total costs. Irrespective of level of production, it is not possible for the business to avoid fixed costs, as it is an operating expense. Break even analysis usually make use of fixed costs that is used to determine the production level, pricing and sales (Otley Emmanuel, 2013). It is regarded as the level of costs under which the company does not make profit nor it incurs loss. The total cost structure of company is decomposed into total fixed costs and total variable costs. An organization is able to ensure its level of profitability with the help of its total cost structure. The total amount of revenue required by the company so that the total variable and fixed costs expenses are covered is determined by break-even point during specified time. Revenues can be stated in different measurement such as it can be measured by delivering the services in hours or it can be stated in units. The level of output at which the total cost of doing the business or costs involved in producing the output is exactly equal to the total amount of revenue earned by the business is the break-even point (Kaplan Atkinson, 2015). An organization can calculate the sales revenue by multiplying the price of the products by the number of level of output produced. Such calculation can be done at any level of output produced. A company uses assumption for calculating the break-even point that change in revenue is associated with the change in level of sales. However, such assumption may not hold true in some of the cases because, it is certainly possible that company will have varyi ng degree of profitability due to the diversion of products. For grabbing the attention of customers and with the variation in demand, the company may diversify the customers. There are many reasons that is attributable to increase in the selling expense and it may increase due to selling the products in diversified market and not due to selling expense arising from the additional unit production. It is the reason that the selling price in two different markets will be different. The market price of security is exactly equal to the costs at the price level that is determined by using the break-even analysis. In the event of trading options, buyers of option is reached at the option providing using the break even analysis and it is the price that must be reached by buyer for buying the options for avoiding loss if the options are exercised by them. Premium paid and the exercise price determines the breakeven point for a byer buying call option. On the other hand, the break-even point for buyer of put position is determined by subtracting the premium paid from the strike price. For purchasing the right to sell or buy the particular stocks at a specified time, options are exercised by investors. It is required by investor to become aware of the market price and whether they are generating loss or gain. Therefore, break-even is considered important to investors as it helps them with the investment decisions. Subtracting all the associated variable costs form the price of products gives the contribution margin and for each unit of products sold, the result is incremental profit. The total earning available for generating the profit and paying the fixed expenses is given by the total contribution margin. In situation of special pricing, the decision to allow a lower pricing is determined by contribution margin. It would not be wise for the organization to sell the product at price where the contribution margin is negative or excessively low. The concept of contribution margin is applicable in many areas and it includes profit center, subsidiaries, product line, customer sales and distribution channel. The contribution margin can be obtained by deducting the total variable costs from the revenue generated by the net revenue. The variable cost of any products involves cost of direct raw material and sales commission for selling the products. The contribution margin ratio is expressed as percentage and it is the difference between sales and variable expense. Analysis: In association with team logos, Kincaid Company sells flags. The company has a variable cost expense of $ 4.20 per flag and the total fixed costs stands at $ 639600. Hence, the price of each flag to be sold is $ 12.00. It is point, which is, pre-determined at which the investor would exit the market if it were in profitable position. KinCaid Company sells flags at the breakeven point of 82000 flags and this is considered as the target of the company products to be sold every year. The target profit is compared with the actual income generated a n depicted in the income statement and it is obtained from the process of budgeting. The formal for calculating the target profit is obtained by deducting the variable as well as fixed costs from the net revenue. It is required by Kincaid to make sales worth $ 1034000. It is obtained by adding up the target profit with the fixed costs and then dividing into the contribution ratio. The result of unprofitable operation of company is recorded and depicted in the contribution margin of the income statement for the year ending 31st December 2016. The data depicts sales revenue of $ 900000, fixed cost of $ 639600, variable cost of $ 315000, operating loss of $ 54600 and contribution margin of $ 585000. Effect of taxes, interest expenses and interest income is not considered in the operating loss. However, in some cases expenses concerning depreciation might be included. A company would require external financing if it is consistently generating operating losses. Whether the core operations of the company is profitable or not is indicated by the operating loss. It is therefore required to either decrease the costs or increase the revenue. For some startup companies, operating loss is expected as the y attempt to grow their business on faster pace. Reference: Kaplan, R. S., Atkinson, A. A. (2015).Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Otley, D., Emmanuel, K. M. C. (2013).Readings in accounting for management control. Springer.