Natural Selection Means The Animals Who Have Weaker Genetic

Natural selection means the animals who have weaker genetic performance than its own kind will be deselected by the nature. This allows the species to evolve and advance its breed to remain their domination in the natural society. Charles Darwin adopted this idea to explain how the species that survived for ages are the superiors ones with the most substantial genes embedded in them. However, as mankind advanced from our ancestors till now homo-sapiens, knowledge people, natural selection reoccurs among humans in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Social Darwinism was created for the purpose to make changes in the world. In the late 19th century, Social Darwinism influenced the society and created immense impacts among the†¦show more content†¦Galton believed white was the only color that should be ruling the globe. For instance, the white Germans as he mentioned were the ones that were grown with the finest genes, because they were able to survive in the frigid w eather and invent tools to secure their own ethnics. This concept brought anxieties to the working class people with a different race, which later on being known as the hereditarianism (Galton, 1869). This even led to political issues and the change of the Constitution of the United States. According Robert C. Bannister, Professor of History in Swarthmore College, he mentions, â€Å"U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell HolmesJr., that the Constitution of the United States should be reinterpreted in the light of changing circumstances in American Society† (Bannister, 2000). For the reformers back in the 19th century, they wanted the government to become a more powerful role and advocated the social policies with the idea of Social Darwinism. This ties back the Galton’s eugenics, which was to forbid cross races marriage. This was the shadow of interracial marriage happened back in when slavery still exist. Based on Bannister, Social Darwinism had certainly affected the United State’s society in a negative way. In other words, Social Darwinism did not help the American Society to become more advanced and diverse, but going backwards to theShow MoreRelatedThe Domestication Of Animals By Humans884 Words   |  4 Pagesdomestication of animals by humans is an early example of eugenics. Animals were used for hunting, warning system against predators, and overall companionship. (History of Eugenics) Humans at the time wanted a powerful animal, that was able to protect their owner, and help be able to produce food and clothing Obviously a strong animal does not come from handicapped ancestry, rather it comes from a far more adaptive origin. Early day humans exchanged this idea that the fittest animal comes from theRead More Juxtaposing Viewpoints on Genetic Species Revival1341 Words   |  6 Pagesissue of species revival through a means of genetic science is a modern idea, similar arguments throughout the past also hold relevance to the mod ern issue of genetic species revival. To better understand the issue as it becomes more prevalent, it is important to examen different perspectives that span many centuries time, generating new insight on the issue. Examining different perspectives on the perceived human influences on species extinction vs. natural law and lack of adaptability, and giveRead MoreA Research On Selective Breeding Essay2193 Words   |  9 Pages individuals will have different alleles to each other but have the same genes, the combination of all the possible alleles in the population is known as the gene pool. There is variation in alleles and phenotypes within the gene pool of a population due to segregation, independent assortment and crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis causing the offspring to be genetically identical to its parents. In nature different environmental factors act as selection pressures for organismsRead MoreThe Effect of Infectious Diseases on Humanity Essa y1870 Words   |  8 PagesSpecies by Means of Natural Selection, a work of literature that not only provided a working framework for the theory of evolution, â€Å"descent with modification† by means of natural selection, but also explained how the cumulative impact of natural selection influenced an organism and its environment. Darwin, however, neglected to mention how infectious diseases have served as a pivotal selective force in natural selection (Lederberg, 1999). Since animals first walked the earth, they have had to liveRead MoreEugenics : An Unorthodox Twist2386 Words   |  10 Pagescharacteristics such as baldness, height, and genetic diseases. On the other hand, eugenics has the possibility of defining a person’s value based on heredity. The term Eugenics derives from the Greek word eu meaning good and well, and genos meaning offspring (Modern Eugenics). The ideas rooted in this paradigm have been intertwined in positive and negative events in history. Conventional eugenics (or selective breeding) has been used on plants and animals for thousands of years to yield a more desirableRead MoreHow Information Is Transmitted Over Time2059 Words   |  9 Pagesinformation is transmitted over time. Although Charles Darwin did not know about modern genetics with DNA and chromosomes, he did know that organisms resemble their parents, variation in a single species is able to be inherited, and that as there is change in population survival of the fittest will allow only the superior organism to pass its dominance on.(Eldridge 69) Darwin discovered many theories, such as natural selection and the descent of man from a common ancestors with apes, that caused a great oppositionRead MoreNatural and Artificial Selection1631 Words   |  7 Pagesmigration, genetic drift, and natural selection. Natural selection is the gradual process by which heritable traits that makes it more likely for an organism to survive and successfully reproduce increase s, whereas there is a decline in those who do have those beneficial heritable traits (Natural Selection). For example, there is a decrease in rain which causes a drought in the finches’ environment. The seeds in the finches’ environment would not be soft enough for the smaller and weaker beak finchesRead MoreLamarcks Influence Upon Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection1928 Words   |  8 Pages There have been many ideas on the theory of evolution. Some simply take our existence for granted, others prefer to explain all evolution in terms of the bible and the presence of a God. However, there are those who have researched the topic of evolution and have offered an explanation as to where a species comes from and how they evolved in the manner that they did. This type of science has been studied for a very long time, and one of the most famous minds in the field of evolution wasRead MoreLamarcks Influence on the Development of Darwins Theory of Evolution1979 Words   |  8 PagesLamarcks Influence on the Development of Darwins Theory of Evolution Dec. 4 1996 Marc Weinstein There have been many ideas on the theory of evolution. Some simply take our existence for granted, others prefer to explain all evolution in terms of the bible and the presence of a God. However, there are those who have researched the topic of evolution and have offered an explanation as to where a species comes from and how they evolved in the manner that they did. This type of science has beenRead MoreRace Cleansing1859 Words   |  8 Pageson earth. Where there is birth, there is death no matter whether the person is rich or poor. Eugenics-the theory as well as the word (which means â€Å"wellborn†) -originated with Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin who is inspired by Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Eugenics movement started sterilization (making infertile):  to stop a person or animal from reproducing, e.g. by surgical removal or alteration of the reproductive organs of epileptics and feebleminded people in America. Poor and

America’s Failing War on Drugs and the Culture of...

America’s failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration Richard B. Carpenter Adams State College America’s failing War on Drugs and the Culture of Incarceration Richard B. Carpenter Adams State College Abstract For over a century, America has waged a failing war on drugs even as it feeds a cultural apathetic and underground acceptance of drug and alcohol use. The views of the dominate group have placed blame on society’s ills on the evils of rampant drug use throughout the past few hundred years, which have given way to a practice of outlawing , persecution, and imprisonment. Such a view has led to the overflow of our state’s prisons, the race to build even more, and need to†¦show more content†¦Prisoners do not pay for their incarceration – the state and federal government does. The American tax payers pay for housing, food, clothing in both state and federal as well as private prisons, and supervision of these mostly non-violent drug offenders, both inside and outside prison. The tax payer provides the funds for local, state, and federal law enforcement to run their stings, and train their drug dogs and sting operatives, except in the off chance that they int ercept a large amount of drug money, or take possession of larger drug dealers properties and vehicles bought with drug money, but rarely are these items sold at value. The burden to pay falls on the state and you, the tax payer, and the state is running out of money to spend on incarcerating an ever growing number of non-violent, drug related prisoners. (McVay, D., Schiraldi, V., Zeidenburg, J., 2004) THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES Causes While many drugs enjoyed a period of legalization, eventually most drugs have come to find a place as a scapegoat for many of society’s ills, from poverty, unemployment and homelessness, to rape, murder, and reasons to discriminate certain races based on a stereotypical link to a certain drug. (Steiker, C. S., 2011) At one time even alcohol was a major scapegoat for societal problems, but its strong history and presence in Euro-ethnic culture madeShow MoreRelatedMass Incarceration : A Major Problem Within The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesMass incarceration has recently become a major problem within the United States. Although crime rates have dropped since the 1990s, incarceration rates have soared. This trend is largely associated with increased enforcement of drug-related crimes. Unfortunately, though not surprisingly, this problem involves racial discrepancies when regarding these mass incarcerations. Incarcerations appear to be the most prominent throughout urba n areas and the south, which happen to be the areas where AfricanRead MoreDrug Use And Its Effect On Society1663 Words   |  7 Pagesof a closet with a complete stranger are just some of the many thresholds of college. Drug use has become just another part of this crazy college experience from binge drinking to smoking pot to taking psychedelic drugs just to see what happens. This idea of being young and invincible is fueling kids to make decisions their parents would not be happy with. With movies and other forms of media glorifying drugs it isn’t surprising to see the youth following in their footsteps. College is not portrayedRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effect On Society1840 Words   |  8 PagesThe, â€Å"War on Drugs† has been an ongoing debate in many circles for much longer than most people know. Starting in the late 1800’s, drug regulations and laws have been imposed upon American society and, although they have changed and been manipulated to fit different policies, by different politicians with different agendas, they are still in effect today. 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Researchers agree that racial profiling is one factor that has led to high incarceration rates among African-AmericanRead MoreMarijuana Legalization Essay1982 Words   |  8 PagesAnti-legalization organizers condemn legalization due to marijuana being considered a gateway drug, moral and religious opposition, legalization could lead to harder drugs being legalized, and the fear that legalization would enable the drug to be more accessible to children. There are many positive and negative aspects of legalization, but personally I am in favor of legalization and taxation of the non-deadly drug. In this paper, I will outline the good and the bad of legalization and investigate ifRead MoreAmerican Prison Systems: Do They Really Work?4530 Words   |  18 Pagesidea in som e states. Prisoners are stripped of their rights under the auspices of the law, but it remains difficult to defend them against accusations of cruel and unusual punishment. 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Bryan Stascavage, a 30-year-old Wesleyan University student who served two tours in Iraq, penned an op-edRead MoreEffects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy Essay4544 Words   |  19 Pages                  Effects of the United States Failed War on Drugs Policy Hector Arreola SSCI 306 MWF 10:40-11:50 AM March 14, 2012                                              Abstract The â€Å"War on Drugs† policy has been the approach by the United States to protect citizens from the harmful effects of illegal drugs. The article examines the failures of the war on drug policy has had on society, such as, increasing violence, increasingRead MoreLaw Enforcement in the 21st Century15936 Words   |  64 PagesPearson Education, Inc. st 6 Chapter 1: Law Enforcement in a Democratic Society The Themes of the Book Many myths and stereotypes surround policing, including the ever-prevalent image of a law enforcement officer as crime fighter engaging in a â€Å"war on crime† (Bittner 1980). However, the average officer rarely makes a felony arrest, and most do not fire their firearms during their careers. However, by definition, the term law enforcement suggests that the enforcement of existing legislation orRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPublic Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political

Mental Illness - 781 Words

Running head: MENTAL ILLNESS Mental Illness Natalie Maxwell March 8, 2010 Each year, almost 44 million Americans experience a mental disorder. In fact, mental illnesses are among the most common conditions affecting health today. The good news is that most people who have mental illnesses, even serious ones, can lead productive lives with proper treatment (www.yahoo.com). Mental illnesses are some of the most misunderstand afflictions in today’s society. Too many people think of mental illness as a â€Å"weakness.† Nothing could be further from the truth. These are true illnesses and brain diseases (www.hcpc.uth.tmc). Mental illnesses are illnesses that affect the way a person thinks, acts, and feels. Like most illnesses, they†¦show more content†¦We shape our own self-esteem by the people around us. If you give us responsibility, we will feel responsible. â€Å"The question of whether there is anything we can do to prevent mental illness has been one of the most personally pressing for me in twenty-five years I have spent as a men tal health advocate† (Carter, 1998). Most people want to know if they can prevent their loved ones from getting mental illness. People can prevent many things now even though they do not have the complete scientific knowledge about how to treat them. For example, we know how to prevent our loved ones from getting AIDS or fetal alcohol syndrome by having safe sex or do not drink alcohol during pregnancy. References Carter, Rosalyn, with Susan K. Golant. Helping Someone with Mental Illness. New York: Time Books, 1998. What is Mental Illness? (2000). Retrieved March 3, 2010, fromShow MoreRelatedMental Illness : Mental Health Illness2108 Words   |  9 PagesMerriam-Webster, mental health illness is described as a broad range of medical conditions (such as major depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or panic disorder) that are marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, or emotions to impair normal psychological functioning and cause noticeable grief or disability and that are usually related with a disruption in standard judgement, feeling, mood, behavior, interpersonal interactions, or daily functioning. Mental healthRead MoreMental Illness1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthe biology of their human brain has malfunctioned. These people have a mental illness. In my paper I will informing you with the biology of a mental illness. The specif ic information of the biology of a mental illness I will be telling you about is what the biology of a mental illness it, diagnosing a mental illness, and how the biology of mental disorders has affected the world. To understand the biology of a mental illness you need to know what it means or what I am trying to explain to youRead MoreMental Illness : Mental Health Illness1986 Words   |  8 PagesMerriam-Webster, mental health illness is described as a broad range of medical conditions (such as major depression, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, or panic disorder) that are marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, or emotions to impair normal psychological functioning and cause noticeable grief or disability and that are usually related with a disruption in standard judgement, feeling, mood, behavior, interpersonal interactions, or daily functioning. 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The townspeople attend her funeral â€Å"through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, †¦ [or also] mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.† (ChapterRead MoreMental Illness Of Mental Health1981 Words   |  8 PagesMental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community (WHO, 2014). Mental health disorder can be defined as a health problem that significantly affects how a person feels, thinks, behaves, and interacts with other people. Mental health problems include the mental ill health that can be experienced temporarilyRead MoreMental Illness And Its Effects1717 Words   |  7 Pages Involuntary psychiatric commitment has been like a pendulum, sometimes in favor as a government policy to treat mental illness, and other times not. Mental illness treatment has been evolving throughout history. Society once believed that mental illness was due to a reversed to an animalistic level of consciousness, possession of demons, a sinful soul, or a chemical imbalance. The medical journal Nature and Genetics, recently reported that, a defect in chromosome number six which has been identifiedRead MoreMental Illness5917 Words   |  24 Pagestruth of mental illness and it has created mental illness as a stigma. The mental illness itself created a fear, by understanding mental illness we can profit a new understanding of mental illness and reduces the stigma out of it. Basically Mental illnesses are medical conditions that disrupt a person s thinking, feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning. The goal of this research is to understand what the majority (from respondent) perspective on the mental illness, the aimRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of people that have a severe mental illness are object to challenges in double measure. From one point of view, they wrestle with the symptoms and disablement that result from the illness. From another point, they are tested by the stereotypes and preconceived ideas that stem from the misunderstandings about mental illness. As a culmination of both, people with a mental illness are stripped of the chances that define a quality life such as a good job, safe housing, adequate health careRead MoreAging Parents Of Adults With Serious Mental Illness718 Words   |  3 PagesThe final article I analyzed was titled â€Å"Aging Parents of Adults with Serious Mental Illness† and was written by Jennifer Van Pelt. This article sought to address the type of support parents caring for special needs adult children require as they age. It discussed how pa rents are the primary caregivers to children with a severe mental illness, or SMI, throughout the majority of the child’s life. The amount of care provided to adults with SMI by their aging parents is so substantial that if parental

Ethical Decision Health Care and Philosophy

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Decision for Health Care and Philosophy. Answer: Introduction: Cognitive biases are essentially systematic errors that predispose ones thinking in favor of a certain viewpoint over other viewpoints (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). As far as the case study is concerned, there are several factors that might lead Mrs. jones to conclude that non-evidence based approach to her daughters diagnosis might be better than a traditional approach. There are three cognitive biases that affect health care decision making. These comprise of confirmation bias, optimism bias, outcome bias as well as overconfidence. Optimism bias is the tendency to be over-optimistic which results in individuals overestimating favorable and pleasing outcomes (McCaughey, Deirdre Bruning, 2010). Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for or interpret information in a manner that confirms ones prejudices while ignoring information that does not support the presumptions (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). Outcome bias involves judging a decision based on outcomes rather than how the decisions were reached (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). As far as overconfidence is concerned, too much confidence leads to people taking greater risks since they are more convinced that they are right in the decisions that they take (Albisser Reiter-Theil, 2011). I would strongly suggest to Mrs. Jones not to stop giving her daughter Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs since as powerful as these drugs may be, they are very effective. Anecdotes are not proven and just because she got positive results in the past, it does not mean that this will always be the case especially when dealing with people who are not health care professionals hence she should not be too overconfident. I would also tell her that there is evidence that the drug is works unlike her anecdote about being healed from an ear infection and cold which is non-evidence based. Furthermore, I would request Ms. Jones to deal with facts when making important decisions regarding her child instead of making assumptions particularly because they are most often vulnerable to cognitive bias (McCaughey, Deirdre Bruning, 2010). References Albisser, S. H., Reiter-Theil, S. (January 01, 2011). Avoiding bias in medical ethical decision-making: Lessons to be learnt from psychology research.Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy,14,155-62. McCaughey, Deirdre, Bruning, Nealia S. (2010).Rationality versus reality: the challenges of evidence-based decision making for health policy makers. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.